Phnom Penh, the energetic capital of Cambodia, is a city that defies simple categorization. It’s a place where golden temple spires reflect off the confluence of great rivers, and where profound historical depth meets a vibrant, modern street life.
For travelers setting foot in Cambodia for the first time, Phnom Penh offers a deeply moving introduction to the country—its glorious past, its tragic recent history, and its hopeful, resilient present. If you are planning your itinerary, knowing which places to visit in Phnom Penh are truly essential can transform your trip.
This guide moves beyond the standard checklist, offering insight into ten must-see destinations that will give you a comprehensive and unforgettable experience of the Cambodian capital.
The Royal Splendor & Ancient History (Culture & Grandeur must-see places to visit in Phnom Penh)
Any journey to the Cambodian capital must begin with its magnificent royal and religious landmarks.
1. The Royal Palace & Silver Pagoda (Preah Barom Reachea Veang)
The Royal Palace stands as the definitive symbol of Cambodia’s enduring monarchy and should top every list of places to visit in Phnom Penh. Still the official residence of King Norodom Sihamoni, this vast, gilded complex showcases exquisite traditional Khmer architecture established in the 1860s.
The Throne Hall: The most striking feature, topped with a soaring 59-meter spire, is where coronations and official ceremonies take place. While visitors cannot enter the King’s private residential area (Khemarin Palace), the publicly accessible sections offer a breathtaking glimpse into royal life.
The Silver Pagoda (Wat Preah Keo Morakot): Located within the palace compound, this temple is famous for its floor, which is tiled with over 5,000 polished silver blocks, each weighing more than one kilogram. It houses an array of national treasures, including the 17th-century solid gold Maitreya Buddha statue, which is adorned with thousands of diamonds.
Visitor Note: Modest attire is mandatory (shoulders and knees covered). The Palace follows a split schedule, often closing midday (typically 11:00 AM to 2:00 PM), so plan your visit for the early morning to enjoy cooler temperatures and smaller crowds.
The Royal Palace & Silver Pagoda are among the must-see places to visit in Phnom Penh (source: collected)
2. Wat Phnom
The very name of the city, “Phnom Penh” (literally “Penh’s Hill”), is derived from this historical and religious site. Wat Phnom is a serene sanctuary perched atop the only “hill” in the city (a mere 27 meters high). Legend attributes its founding to a wealthy widow, Lady Penh, who discovered four bronze Buddha statues inside a tree floating down the river in 1373.
Significance: It is the most sacred temple in the city, marking the legendary spot where the capital was established.
The Experience: Climbing the eastern staircase, flanked by mythical nāga (serpent deities) and lion statues, leads you to the main vihara. The surrounding park is a lively green space where locals gather, offering a slice of everyday Phnom Penh life.
Wat Phnom Temple in the heart of Phnom Penh (source: collected)
3. The National Museum of Cambodia
A visit to the National Museum of Cambodia is essential groundwork for understanding the nation’s cultural depth before or after visiting Angkor Wat. This beautiful terracotta-red building, completed in 1924 during the French colonial period, is an architectural delight in itself, featuring traditional Khmer roofing and stunning courtyards.
The Collection: The museum houses the world’s largest collection of Khmer art and artifacts, spanning over a millennium, from the 4th to the 14th centuries. You’ll find exquisite bronze objects, ceramics, and stone sculptures that truly bring the grandeur of the Khmer Empire to life.
Highlight: The collection of pre-Angkorian and Angkorian sculptures, including magnificent statues of Hindu deities and Buddhist figures, provides invaluable insight into the historical transitions of the empire.
Cambodian National Museum: A Must-visit for Phnom Penh Highlights (source: collected)
The Essential History Tour (Reflection & Resilience)
No traveler can fully grasp Cambodia without confronting the somber yet crucial sites dedicated to the Khmer Rouge regime. These places to visit in Phnom Penh are emotionally demanding but vital to understanding the country’s profound resilience.
4. Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum (S-21)
Once a peaceful high school named Tuol Svay Prey, this site was converted by the Khmer Rouge into the notorious Security Prison 21 (S-21) between 1975 and 1979. It became a center for interrogation, torture, and detention for an estimated 20,000 victims before they were taken to the Killing Fields.
The Memorial: Today, the site has been preserved as a memorial and museum. Walking through the converted classrooms, cells, and interrogation rooms offers a chilling and unforgettable experience.
The Evidence: The most impactful exhibit is the collection of thousands of stark, black-and-white mugshots of the prisoners, documenting the faces of those lost to the regime.
Recommendation: Take the audio guide. It provides essential historical context and respect for the victims’ stories, making the experience more educational and less intrusive.
Among the places to visit in Phnom Penh, Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum (S-21) is essential for a deeper understanding of the city’s history (source: collected)
5. Choeung Ek Killing Fields Memorial
Located about 17 kilometers outside the city center, Choeung Ek is the most famous of the hundreds of Killing Fields sites across Cambodia. This former Chinese cemetery and orchard was the final destination for prisoners from S-21.
The Stupa: The central feature is a Buddhist Stupa (Memorial Pagoda), erected in 1988, which houses the skeletal remains and skulls of over 5,000 victims exhumed from the mass graves.
The Atmosphere: While the history is harrowing, the memorial site itself is now quiet and reflective. The audio tour guides visitors along the paths, pointing out the excavated pits and the “Killing Tree,” enhancing the contemplation of the atrocities.
Travel Tip: The Choeung Ek Killing Fields and Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum are often visited together as they represent the beginning and end of the Khmer Rouge’s extermination process.
Choeung Ek Killing Fields Memorial- Cambodian Memorial Sites (source: collected)
Modern Life & Urban Energy (Commerce & Lifestyle)
To balance the reflection, dive into the electric energy of modern Phnom Penh through its essential urban hubs.
6. Sisowath Quay (Riverside Promenade)
The Sisowath Quay, running along the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers, is the city’s social spine and one of the best places to visit in Phnom Penh for people-watching.
Activity Hub: From early morning until late evening, the quay buzzes with life—locals jogging, practicing T’ai Chi, dancing in groups, or simply enjoying the river breeze.
Dining and Views: The promenade is lined with international restaurants, stylish cafes, and bars, making it the perfect spot for a sunset cocktail cruise or dinner overlooking the river confluence.
Sisowath Quay (Riverside Promenade) is a must-visit among the places to visit in Phnom Penh
7. Central Market (Phsar Thmey)
Known locally as Phsar Thmey (New Market), the Central Market is a stunning architectural marvel. Built in 1937, its huge central dome and four radiating wings make it a standout example of Art Deco design.
The Vibe: It’s bright, airy, and bustling. The central area specializes in jewelry, watches, and precious stones, while the wings overflow with clothing, souvenirs, household goods, and local delicacies.
Shopping Tip: Even if you aren’t buying, the market is a feast for the eyes and a great place to absorb the sensory overload of Cambodian commerce.
8. Russian Market (Phsar Toul Tom Poung)
For a more intense and authentic market experience, head to the Russian Market (Phsar Toul Tom Poung). It earned its foreign name in the 1980s when it was the go-to spot for Russian expats.
Best Finds: This market is renowned for its vast selection of wood carvings, textiles (especially silk scarves and fabric), cheap factory-second clothing, and souvenirs. It’s often considered the better spot for handcrafted goods than the Central Market.
Local Experience: Navigate the labyrinthine aisles and be ready to bargain—this is where you truly feel the pulse of local life.
Russian Market (Phsar Toul Tom Poung) – immerse yourself in Phnom Penh’s local culture
Spiritual Retreats & Modern Architecture (Peace & Progress)
9. Wat Ounalom
As the official center of Cambodian Buddhism, Wat Ounalom holds immense spiritual significance. Located near the riverside, this temple complex serves as the headquarters of the Mohanikay order of Cambodian Buddhism.
The Site: Although damaged during the Khmer Rouge era, the main vihara and stupa have been restored. The complex is home to the current Supreme Patriarch and maintains a sacred relic—an eyebrow hair of the Buddha.
Atmosphere: It’s an active place of worship where you can respectfully observe the daily life of monks and appreciate the spiritual core of Phnom Penh.
10. Vattanac Capital Tower & Observation Deck
To fully appreciate the city’s modern dynamism and growth, look up at the Vattanac Capital Tower. This architectural masterpiece, designed to resemble the shape of a dragon or nāga, symbolizes Cambodia’s forward-looking future.
The Perspective: For a small fee or simply by visiting the high-end hotel bar/restaurant located near the top floors (39th floor and above), you can access sweeping, panoramic views of the entire city.
The Contrast: Seeing the Royal Palace, Wat Phnom, and the winding rivers from this height offers a stark, beautiful contrast between the city’s ancient roots and its rapid 21st-century development.
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